Logic Model Builder – Understanding Outcomes vs. Outputs
Stone River eLearning

Logic Model Builder

Interactive tool to map inputs → activities → outputs → outcomes → impact

Outcome Measurement and Impact Evaluation

Learn to measure what matters and demonstrate your nonprofit’s true impact

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Understanding Logic Models

What is a Logic Model?

A logic model is a visual diagram that shows how your program works. It maps the logical flow from what you put into your program (inputs) all the way through to the long-term changes you hope to create (impact). Think of it like a recipe that explains how your ingredients become a finished meal.

Why Logic Models Matter

Clarity and Communication

  • Forces you to think through each step of your program
  • Helps staff understand how their work connects to outcomes
  • Makes it easier to explain your program to funders and stakeholders
  • Identifies assumptions about how change happens

Better Evaluation Planning

  • Shows what you should measure at each stage
  • Helps distinguish between outputs and outcomes
  • Guides data collection decisions
  • Makes evaluation more focused and meaningful

The Five Components

Inputs

Resources you invest: staff, funding, facilities, equipment, volunteers

Activities

What you actually do: training sessions, counseling, workshops, services

Outputs

Direct products: number served, sessions completed, materials distributed

Outcomes

Changes in participants: new skills, behaviors, conditions, knowledge

Impact

Long-term community changes: reduced poverty, improved health, stronger families

Clear Definitions with Examples

Understanding the difference between each component is crucial for effective evaluation.

Inputs – Your Resources

What you invest in your program

  • Staff: Program directors, teachers, counselors, support staff
  • Money: Grant funding, donations, government contracts
  • Facilities: Classrooms, offices, meeting spaces
  • Equipment: Computers, books, vehicles, tools
  • Volunteers: Board members, tutors, mentors
  • Partners: Other organizations, government agencies

Activities – What You Do

The services and interventions you provide

  • Job Training: Resume writing classes, interview practice
  • Youth Programs: After-school tutoring, mentorship
  • Health Services: Screenings, education workshops
  • Housing: Case management, emergency shelter
  • Food Programs: Meal preparation, nutrition education

Outputs – What You Produce

The direct, countable products of your activities

  • Participation: 150 people served, 80 completed program
  • Services: 200 counseling sessions, 50 workshops delivered
  • Materials: 300 meals served, 100 backpacks distributed
  • Completion: 75% completion rate, 90% attendance

⚠️ Common Mistake: Outputs are NOT outcomes. Serving 100 people doesn’t tell you if their lives improved.

Outcomes – Changes in People

The benefits participants receive from your program

  • Short-term (3-6 months): Increased knowledge, new skills, changed attitudes
  • Medium-term (6-18 months): Changed behaviors, improved conditions
  • Long-term (1-3 years): Sustained improvements, life changes

Examples:

  • Job training → participants find employment
  • Literacy program → students read at grade level
  • Health education → participants adopt healthy behaviors

Impact – Community Change

Long-term changes in the broader community

  • Social: Reduced crime, stronger families, community cohesion
  • Economic: Higher employment rates, reduced poverty
  • Health: Lower disease rates, improved mental health
  • Educational: Higher graduation rates, college attendance

📍 Note: Impact usually requires multiple programs working together over many years.

Logic Model Examples

Select a program type to see a realistic logic model example with specific inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact.

How to Use These Examples

Adapt to Your Program

  • Use these examples as starting points for your own logic model
  • Modify language to match your specific program activities
  • Adjust timeframes and numbers to reflect your program scale

Notice the Logical Flow

  • See how each input enables specific activities
  • Observe how activities naturally lead to measurable outputs
  • Understand how outputs create participant outcomes
  • Connect individual outcomes to broader community impact

Focus on Measurable Elements

  • Notice how outputs include specific numbers and timeframes
  • See how outcomes describe actual changes in participants
  • Observe how impact statements describe community-level changes

Additional Resources

Helpful tools and guides for developing and using logic models in your nonprofit.

W.K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model Guide

Comprehensive guide to developing logic models with detailed examples and worksheets.

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University of Wisconsin Logic Model Template

Free downloadable templates and worksheets for creating your own logic models.

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Innovation Network Logic Model Workbook

Step-by-step workbook for developing, reviewing, and using logic models for evaluation planning.

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CDC Logic Model Training Videos

Free online training modules covering logic model basics and advanced applications.

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United Way Logic Model Resources

Collection of tools, examples, and best practices for nonprofit logic model development.

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Nonprofit Evaluation Best Practices

Additional evaluation resources and tools from leading foundations and evaluation experts.

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